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Timeline of classical mechanics: ==Early Mechanics== * 4th century BC - Aristotle founds the system of Aristotelian physics * 260 BC - Archimedes mathematically works out the principle of the lever and discovers the principle of buoyancy * 60 AD - Hero of Alexandria writes ''Metrica, Mechanics,'' and ''Pneumatics'' * 1021 - Al-Biruni realizes that acceleration is connected with non-uniform motion〔: 〕 * 1000-1030 - Alhazen and Avicenna develop the concepts of inertia and momentum * 1100-1138 - Avempace develops the concept of a reaction force〔Shlomo Pines (1964), "La dynamique d’Ibn Bajja", in ''Mélanges Alexandre Koyré'', I, 442-468 (468 ), Paris. (cf. Abel B. Franco (October 2003). "Avempace, Projectile Motion, and Impetus Theory", ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 64 (4), p. 521-546 (): "''Pines has also seen Avempace's idea of fatigue as a precursor to the Leibnizian idea of force which, according to him, underlies Newton's third law of motion and the concept of the "reaction" of forces.''")〕 * 1100-1165 - Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi discovers that force is proportional to acceleration rather than speed, a fundamental law in classical mechanics〔: (cf. Abel B. Franco (October 2003). "Avempace, Projectile Motion, and Impetus Theory", ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 64 (4), p. 521-546 (): '' Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Bagdadi (c.1080- after 1164/65) extrapolated the theory for the case of falling bodies in an original way in his Kitab al-Mu'tabar (The Book of that Which is Established through Personal Reflection). () This idea is, according to Pines, "the oldest negation of Aristotle's fundamental dynamic law (that a constant force produces a uniform motion )," and is thus an "anticipation in a vague fashion of the fundamental law of classical mechanics (that a force applied continuously produces acceleration )."'')〕 * 1121 - Al-Khazini publishes ''The Book of the Balance of Wisdom'', in which he develops the concepts of gravitational potential energy and gravity at-a-distance〔Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., ''Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science'', Vol. 2, p. 614-642 (), Routledge, London and New York〕 * 1340-1358 - Jean Buridan develops the theory of impetus * 1490 - Leonardo da Vinci describes capillary action * 1500-1528 - Al-Birjandi develops the theory of "circular inertia" to explain Earth's rotation〔F. Jamil Ragep (2001), "Tusi and Copernicus: The Earth's Motion in Context", ''Science in Context'' 14 (1-2), p. 145–163. Cambridge University Press.〕 * 1581 - Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum * 1589 - Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that different weights fall with the same acceleration * 1638 - Galileo Galilei publishes ''Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences'' * 1658 - Christiaan Huygens experimentally discovers that balls placed anywhere inside an inverted cycloid reach the lowest point of the 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of classical mechanics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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